Final answer:
A poem with a rhyme scheme and 14 lines is typically identified as a sonnet, which comes in different forms such as Petrarchan, Shakespearean, and Spenserian, each with a specific structure and rhyme scheme.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rhyme scheme and 14 lines of a poem typically identify it as a sonnet. Sonnets have a long history in literature and are known for their structure, including a specific meter and rhyme scheme. There are various types of sonnets, but the most well-known are Petrarchan (or Italian) with an 'abba abba' octet and a sestet varying in rhyme, the Shakespearean with 'abab cdcd efef gg', and the Spenserian with 'abab bcbc cdcd ee'. Additionally, a sonnet usually exhibits a volta, where a shift in the poem's subject occurs, traditionally at the start of the sestet in Italian sonnets or the final couplet in Shakespearean sonnets. The strict rules of sonnets allow for the display of the poet's craft within a structured format, making them a fascinating poetic form.
For example, In "Design," Robert Frost chooses an Italian sonnet form: fourteen lines in iambic pentameter consisting of an octave and a sestet, with a specific rhyme scheme for the octave of 'abba abba'. Through the sonnet structure, poets frequently articulate their perspectives on life, the world, personal reflections, or often, themes of love.