1. Odysseus's plan shows that Odysseus has a cunning prudence. He knows to think about things ahead of time. Odysseus' greatest strength is his courage. Through his courage, he is able to rally his men and he is able to get through so many battles.
2. Odysseus is feeling prideful because he defeated the cyclops and he wants to humiliate Polyphemus. (Which proves to be very foolish, as now Polyphemus can curse him.) Another reason is to continue the story. If the story ended here, it wouldn't be as famous as it is now.
3. Odysseus is amazingly courageous. Staring fear down. But, because of his courage, he gets prideful. He becomes arrogant and reckless. This causes his journey home to be a lot longer than it could have been if Odysseus had been humbled.
Hope this helps!!<3<3:)