Question

How does the domain name server translate a URL into a 32-bit binary address?

Answer 1

Once the client, or whatever is resolving the name, gets to the authoritive name server, it looks up in memory the configuration that maps the name to an address.

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer 2

Once the client, or whatever is resolving the name, gets to the authoritive name server, it looks up in memory the configuration that maps the name to an address.

Or if it's a reverse lookup, the address to name.