Final answer:
The theory of evolution through natural selection was formulated by the scientist Charles Darwin. His book 'On the Origin of Species' details this theory and has greatly contributed to the field of evolutionary biology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scientist who formulated the theory of evolution through natural selection is Charles Darwin. Darwin published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book 'On the Origin of Species'. In this book, he detailed his idea of natural selection, where species survive through an ongoing process of competition, adaptation to changing environments, and passing on the successful traits to successive generations.
Consequently, this forms the basis of evolution and has become a seminal work in the field of evolutionary biology.
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