Final answer:
Sedition refers to actions or speech promoting rebellion against state authority. The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 and the Sedition Act of 1918 in the U.S. were historic instances where sedition laws criminalized criticisms of the government and its policies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sedition generally refers to conduct or speech that incites people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch. During pivotal moments in American history, such as the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798 and again with the Sedition Act of 1918, this term took on specific legal significance relating to the suppression of dissent. Under the 1918 act, disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the U.S. government, the Constitution, the military, or the flag was considered sedition.
In the context of the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, sedition was defined as any spoken or written words deemed to defame or incite discontent against the United States government. The Sedition Act of 1798 criminalized false, scandalous, and malicious writing against Congress or the President, with penalties including fines and imprisonment. In practice, it was mainly used to suppress Jeffersonian Republican criticism of the Federalist government. Similarly, the Sedition Act of 1918 was employed to clamp down on opposition during World War I, leading to the prosecution of individuals such as Eugene V. Debs for expressing anti-war sentiments.