Final answer:
The conflicts in the former Soviet Union were caused by economic issues, nationalism, political repression, democratization, and external pressures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conflicts that erupted in the former Soviet Union were caused by a combination of political, economic, and social factors.
1. Economic issues: The Soviet economy was centrally planned, which led to inefficiencies and shortages. The country was unable to keep up with technological advancements and global competition. The economic stagnation created discontent among the population.
2. Nationalism: The Soviet Union was a multi-ethnic state, and different ethnic groups had conflicting interests and grievances. Nationalist movements seeking greater autonomy or independence emerged, leading to tensions and conflicts.
3. Political repression: The Soviet regime suppressed dissent and limited political freedoms. This led to growing frustration and resistance, resulting in protests and demonstrations.
4. Democratization: The collapse of the Soviet Union was also influenced by the wave of democratization that swept through Eastern Europe in the late 1980s. People in the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries demanded political freedom and an end to communist rule.
5. External pressures: The policies of the United States, such as the support for anti-communist movements and the arms race, put strain on the Soviet Union and contributed to its instability.