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What was the first important civil rights case that came before the Warren court?

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Answer: Brown v. Board of Education

Explanation:On May 17, 1954, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional.

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The court was both applauded and criticized for bringing an end to racial segregation in the United States, incorporating the Bill of Rights (including it in the 14th Amendment Due Process clause), and ending officially sanctioned voluntary prayer in public schools. The period is recognized as the highest point in judicial power that has receded ever since, but with a substantial continuing impact.
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