1. All of the above
When Charles inherited the Spanish throne, he inherited areas in the Netherlands and the eastern border of France. He also became King of Spain, inherited the kingdoms in the Americas and the Aragonese territories in southern Italy. As head of the House of Habsburg, he also inherited Austria and other lands in central Europe.
2. False
Although the areas Charles inherited included much of Central and South America, it did not include the Philippines. The Philippines were finally colonized during the government of Phillip II, Charles's son.
3. Inquisition
The Inquisition was a Catholic organization that held trials for people who were accused of false beliefs. The institution started in 12th-century France, with the purpose of eliminating heresy. From there, it spread to other countries, most notably to Spain, which allowed the institution to have enormous power and influence.