The Calvin cycle is a series of chemmical reactions that are part of the dark reactions of a photosynthesis, turning carbon dioxide into sugar. It is composed of three main phases:
1 - Carbon fixation, in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is turned from the inorganic molecule that it is to an organic molecule.
2 - Reduction, in which energy from ATP and from NADPH is used to convert the organic carbon molecules into a simple sugar
3 - Regeneration, in which glucose is produced and the molecule that started the cycle is regenerated so the cycle can continue, as the cycle must be completed a three times until it has produced the product molecules (six G3P's - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate).