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What would be the average luminosity of the accretion disk, if it continuously radiated that energy over a period of 12 billion years?

User Solarissf
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The average luminosity can be calculated as E/delta t , where E is the total amount of energy radiated by the accretion disk: E=mc^2. m is the mass of the accretion disk, c is the the speed of light. Delta t is known from the question delta t = 12 billion years. Unknown is the mass of the accretion disk and this mass depends on the type of the accretion disk.

User Katu
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