Final answer:
Crossing over during prophase I leads to new combinations of genes on chromosomes and is a key factor in genetic diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Crossing over during prophase I results in new combinations of genes on each chromosome. This biological process occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes when they form a tetrad. The exchange of genetic material, also known as recombination, increases genetic diversity by creating unique genetic combinations. This leads to the potential for over 64 trillion genetically unique human offspring, which explains the vast genetic variation in humans.