d) communist
The October Revolution, another name for the Russian revolution led by Vladimir Lenin as head of the Communist Party transformed Russia into a communist regime that lasted until 1991. Among some of the major changes in the political economy where: The distribution of farmlands among rural class and factories for the working classes.
The nationalization of banks and a formation of a central national council to carry on economics. The economic decision making became centralized in this new communist government.
Russia abandoned the East front in World War I with the signing of the Brest-Litovsk giving away a great amount of land to Germany. With the Communists taking over, the Czarist rule came to an end, and civil war arose as conservative forces were still trying to restore Russia to its previous state of being.