Final answer:
The Freedmen's Bureau's focus on education has had the most enduring impact on African Americans, with established institutions such as Fisk, Hampton, and Dillard Universities providing ongoing educational opportunities and supporting civil rights progress.
Step-by-step explanation:
The action of the Freedmen's Bureau that has probably had the longest lasting impact on African Americans was its focus on education. By establishing scores of public schools and respected institutions, such as Fisk University, Hampton University, and Dillard University, it laid the foundation for African Americans to gain both elementary and higher education. This emphasis on education was vital as it provided the skills and knowledge necessary for freed people to integrate into society as informed and contributing citizens. Despite facing significant backlash, these educational efforts have had enduring benefits, contributing to the progress of African Americans in various professional fields and helping to pave the way for future generations in their pursuit of equality and success.
In addressing the challenges faced by African Americans post-Civil War, the Freedmen's Bureau played a critical role by distributing basic necessities, assisting in labor contract negotiations, and reuniting families. However, its most long-lasting impact was on education. During Reconstruction, it significantly expanded the power of the federal government over the states, ultimately furthering civil rights progress, although Reconstruction left many issues unresolved.