The correct answer is C) the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
The Period of Egyptian history that occurred closest to the beginning of the Common era was the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
Egypt was ruled by the Ptolemaic Dynasty from 305 to 30 BCE. It ended when the Roman Army defeated them. During those years of reign, the capital city of Egypt was Alexandria, in the shoreline of the Mediterranean Sea. The Greek influence during this period was absolute. Indeed, they considered themselves more Greeks than Egyptians. And yes, the Period of Egyptian history that occurred closest to the beginning of the Common era was the Ptolemaic Dynasty.