Question

What characteristic of earth results in different season over a period of a year

Answer 1

This isn't really a Biology question but I'll help you anyways. Earths elliptical orbit around the sun causes the planet to be closer and farther from the sun at certain points. Earths tilted axis also changes how much sunlight certain places get.

Answer 2

The fact that it rotates on an axis and rotates around the sun causes the seasons to change over a year. Once every year it orbits around the sun and based on the placing of the Earth it depicts the season.