Final answer:
Attorneys can use a peremptory challenge or a challenge for cause to exclude a potential juror, aiming to ensure that the juror can be fair and impartial in accordance with the Sixth Amendment.
Step-by-step explanation:
If an attorney wants to exclude a potential juror, they might use a peremptory challenge or a challenge for cause. A peremptory challenge allows the attorney to exclude a juror without providing a reason, but is limited in number. However, the attorney cannot use these challenges to exclude jurors on the basis of race or sex, as it would violate the impartiality requirement of the Sixth Amendment and the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Exclusions must be made with regard to potential biases that may affect the fair determination of the case.
In the case of a challenge for cause, the attorney must provide a valid reason why the person may not be able to serve impartially. Examples might include personal connections to the case or pre-existing opinions that suggest the juror has prejudices that could affect their judgement. Both sides in a trial have the right to exclude potential jurors using these methods during the jury selection process to ensure a fair and impartial jury.