The issue in this Supreme Court case was mainly about the first amendment and the freedom of religion. It was brought into question about whether or not a school could force a child to salute the American Flag and recite the Pledge of Allegiance when the child had objections to do it on religious grorund. In this case it was a Jehovah Witness, but the Supreme Court ruled that a public school could force a child, despite their religion, to say the Pledge.
However, this decision didn't last long and was overturned only a few years later.