Question

What is the process of confirming or disconfirming a claim called?

Answer 1

The term that is being defined by the description above is INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION. In the case of independent verification, this kind of validation is typically done by others who are not directly involved in a project or product. Examination is done here by a third party wherein confirming and disconfirming of a claim is possible.

Answer 2

I think the appropriate response is Independent Verification. It is voting machines that create no less than two free auditable records of votes where the second record is utilized to check the first. To be viewed as "free" no less than one of the records must not be editable by the voting machine and be straightforwardly irrefutable by the voter. These frameworks must take into consideration the numerous records to have the capacity to be cross-checked.