1) Voting Restrictions
By using poll taxes, literacy tests, etc. white Southerners tried to prevent African-Americans from voting and participating in the political process.
2) Jim Crow Laws
Segregation of public facilities, schools, etc. would keep blacks and whites separate from the 1870s through the 1960s.
3) Rise of the Ku Klux Klan
Intimidation of freed blacks by members of the Ku Klux Klan preserved a "Southern culture" dominated by wealthy whites.