The correct answer is C) Latin was the official language of the Roman Empire, but many spoke Greek in the Byzantine Empire.
The statement that describes a difference between the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire is "Latin was the official language of the Roman Empire, but many spoke Greek in the Byzantine Empire."
When the Western Roman Empire ended, the Byzantine Empire or East part of the Roman Empire maintained part of the dominion. The capital of the empire changed from Rome to Constantinople, maintained Christianity as the official religion of the Empire but the language changed from Latin to Greek.