When you divide indices (exponents), you subtract. The numbers act in the normal way:
5. 16t^4/8t
16 ÷ 8 = 2
4 - 1 = 3
answer = 2t^3
6. x^6y^14/x^4y^9
6 - 4 = 2
14 - 9 = 5
answer = x^2y^5
7. 3^4x^4/3x^2
3^4 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 81
81 ÷ 3 = 27
4 - 2 = 2
answer = 27x^2
I hope this helps!