Final answer:
Damage to the temporal lobe, particularly structures like the hippocampus and amygdala, can lead to memory misattribution, as demonstrated in patient HM's case study.
Step-by-step explanation:
People with damage to their temporal lobe are most prone to memory misattribution. Memory functions are attributed to the temporal lobe, particularly the medial temporal lobe structures like the hippocampus and amygdala, as well as the adjacent cortex.
The case study of patient HM, who underwent a bilateral lobectomy removing parts of his medial temporal lobes, including his hippocampi, showcases the significant impact these structures have on memory. HM's inability to form new semantic knowledge and memories following his surgery highlights the critical role of the temporal lobe in memory formation and maintenance.