Question

What contributes did christine ladd franklin make to psychology

Answer 1

Christine Ladd-Franklin's obstacles began early in her education: originally, she'd wanted to study physics, but her school provided no place for women to do so, leading her to settle for mathematics. After nine years of teaching, Christine applied to John Hopkin's University: generally, women were not accepted to study there, however Christine was allowed because the professor was familiar with her work. In the beginning, she was only allowed to attend certain lectures - this expanded due to the progression of her work. After meeting all of her requirements, she was denied a degree due to her gender, which was not given to her until years later. After school, she continued to study both science and math. She had a lack of resources due to gender discrimination, yet, against the odds, she developed a theory of color vison. Because of her well known contributions, she became one of the first two women accepted into the American Psychological Association. She spent her life as an advocate for women's equality and rights.

Step-by-step explanation:

In summary: schools and jobs discriminated against her because she was a woman, and despite having next to no resources, she developed a theory about color vision. Her work & successes became well known, allowing her to be one of the first women in the AMA.

Answer 2

Ladd-Franklin's mathematical interests ultimately led her to make important contributions to the field of psychology. In 1886, she became interested in the geometrical relationship between binocular vision and points in space and published a paper on this topic in the first volume of the American Journal of Psychology the following year. During the 1891-92 academic year, Ladd-Franklin took advantage of her husband's sabbatical leave from Johns Hopkins and traveled to Europe to conduct research in color vision in the laboratories of George Müller (1850-1934) in Göttingen, and Herman von Helmholtz (1821-1894) in Berlin, where she also attended lectures by Arthur König. In contrast to the prevailing three-color and opponent-color explanations of color vision, Ladd-Franklin developed an evolutionary theory that posited three stages in the development of color vision. Presenting her work at the International Congress of Psychology in London in 1892, she argued that black-white vision was the most primitive stage, since it occurs under the greatest variety of conditions, including under very low illumination and at the extreme edges of the visual field. The color white, she theorized, later became differentiated into blue and yellow, with yellow ultimately differentiated into red-green vision. Ladd-Franklin's theory was well-received and remained influential for some years, and its emphasis on evolution is still valid today.