This isn't going to be pretty good sized but it will get you started.
Locke wrote that all men are equal and that they have the natural right to defend their "Life, health, liberty, or possessions." This was stolen from Locke for use in the Declaration of Independence by Jefferson when he penned , "Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."
Locke's social contract also described the role of government. He felt government should perform the will of the people and when it doesn't -- it is the people's right/duty to overthrow said government.