Answer and Explanation:
1) Microscopic examination of cervical cells --------> Pap smear
Pap smear is basically a test which is used as a screening procedure to diagnose cervical cancer. General Pap smear procedure includes obtaining a small sample of cervical cells and examining it under microscope.
2) Microscopic examination of amniotic fluid --------> Amniocentesis
Amniotic fluid surrounds a fetus in womb and provide him with basic nutrients from Mother. Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a small sample of amniotic fluid is taken out by inserting a hollow needle through uterus in order to find out any abnormalities in the developing fetus.
3) Use of X-rays to observe breast tissues --------> Mammography
Mammography is a procedure in which a low intensity X-Ray is used to diagnose breast cancer.
4) Direct examination of the vagina using a magnifier --------> Colposcopy
Colposcopy is used find out any abnormality in cervix. Cervix is the lower part of womb at the top of vagina. The procedure uses magnifier and takes 5 to 10 minutes.