Question

The concept of separation and balance of powers in the Constitution refers to which of these situations?

A) a separation of powers between various executive departments

B) a separation of powers between the national and state governments

C) a separation of powers between separate and coequal branches of government

D) a separation of individual rights from the rights that are granted to state governments

Answer 1

I would say c, but just in case you can look up definition of congress for more confidence

Answer 2

C) a separation of powers between separate and coequal branches of government.

The "Separation of Powers" principle was an idea embedded into the plans for American government by our founding fathers, based on their reading of Enlightenment political theory. The terminology "separation of powers" was introduced by Charles-Louis de Secondat, the Baron of Montesquieu. (Usually he's referred to as just "Montesquieu.") He wrote an important work of political theory called The Spirit of the Laws, published in 1748.

Within his treatment of how governments will function best, Montesquieu argued that executive, legislative, and judicial functions of government ought to be divided between parts of the government, so that no one person or division of the government can infringe on the overall rights of others in the government or of the members of the society overall.