Final answer:
The first Earth Day in 1970 mainly aimed to raise environmental awareness and promote education on environmental issues, which subsequently led to the establishment of the EPA and the passage of significant environmental protection laws.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary purpose of the first Earth Day celebration in 1970 was to raise awareness about environmental issues and to promote environmental education. The initiative, sparked by Wisconsin senator Gaylord Nelson, aimed to integrate the spirit of the antiwar movement's teach-in strategy into college and university programs. It served as a day of learning and discussion about pollution, toxic waste, and preservation of natural resources. This significant environmental awareness event catalyzed the enactment of landmark environmental regulations and led to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The success of Earth Day led to broad political support for the environment, reflected in the passing of several pivotal laws such as the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act, designed to regulate pollutants and preserve natural resources. Although some Americans were apprehensive about the potential economic impacts of these regulations, the overall public backing was strong enough to encourage lawmakers to pass legislation aimed at environmental protection.