Question

Identify the types of genetic recombination

Answer 1

General or homologous recombination occurs between DNA molecules of very similar sequence, such as homologous chromosomes in diploid organisms. General recombination can occur throughout the genome of diploid organisms, using one or a small number of common enzymatic pathways. This chapter will be concerned almost entirely with general recombination.

Illegitimate or nonhomologous recombination occurs in regions where no large-scale sequence similarity is apparent, e.g. translocations between different chromosomes or deletions that remove several genes along a chromosome. However, when the DNA sequence at the breakpoints for these events is analyzed, short regions of sequence similarity are found in some cases. For instance, recombination between two similar genes that are several million bp apart can lead to deletion of the intervening genes in somatic cells.

Site-specific recombination occurs between particular short sequences (about 12 to 24 bp) present on otherwise dissimilar parental molecules. Site-specific recombination requires a special enzymatic machinery, basically one enzyme or enzyme system for each particular site. Good examples are the systems for integration of some bacteriophage, such as l, into a bacterial chromosome and the rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes in vertebrate animals.

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Answer 2

Three types of genetic recombination are - Transduction, Transformation and Conjugation

Step-by-step explanation:

There are three modes of genetic recombination –

a) Transduction – In the DNA form one bacteria is transferred to other bacteria with the help of virus.

b) Transformation – In transformation, some species of bacteria’s are able to ingest DNA or its segment (plasmid) from its surrounding into its own DNA.

c) Conjugation – It requires physical contact just like sex. When two cells come close to each other they share genetic material either chromosome or plasmid through a bridging structure called a pilus