Answer: Climate change
Step-by-step explanation:
Penguin are flightless birds which are found in the cold regions of the earth like Antarctica. They are adapted to survive in the cold environmental conditions.
Climatic change is the factor which affect the biodiversity and distribution of the penguin species. If due to global warming the temperature of the Antarctic region melts the glaciers will melt and penguins will loss their habitat and will not survive in rising temperature ranges.