Final answer:
The English Bill of Rights of 1689 established rights for British monarchs and citizens following the Glorious Revolution, defining a constitutional monarchy, and influencing democratic evolution and the American constitution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rights of British monarchs and citizens were delineated through a series of historic documents that have shaped the constitutional framework of the United Kingdom. Notably, the Glorious Revolution of 1688 led to the deposition of King James II and the acceptance of William and Mary as co-monarchs, conditional upon their agreement to the English Bill of Rights of 1689. This document secured a constitutional monarchy, affirmed parliamentary powers such as the right to regular elections, and established protections for English subjects including trial by jury and habeas corpus.
The English Bill of Rights, which followed precedents like the Magna Carta and the Petition of Right, made explicit the rights to life, liberty, and property, and required that the Crown could not raise taxes without Parliament's consent. It was a response to the perceived overreach of the royal authority and a step towards democracy, built upon concepts of popular sovereignty and the rule of law. Moreover, these rights set foundations that influenced the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, shaping the principle that citizens' rights are inherent and protected under the law.
The Bill of Rights 1689 is often referenced in historical and political contexts, signaling the enduring relevance of its establishment of civil rights and limitations on monarchical power, which resonated strongly with the colonists in America leading up to the Declaration of Independence and subsequent Revolutionary War. Importantly, it highlights the essential civil rights of subjects as being protected by the British constitution since the time of the Glorious Revolution.