The first pic:
1. Count out how many squares it takes to reach the end of both lines of the triangle(the short and long leg, hypotenuse doesn't count) The first triangle (biggy) comes up to 6/8, 6 being the short leg, 8 being the long leg.
2. Now do the same for triangle number 2(shorty). When u count it out, you see it is 3/4, 3 being the short leg, and 4 being the long leg length.
4. Compare: 3/4 to 6/8. Multiply both 3 and 4 by 2, and you indeed get 6/8, meaning the tiny triangle was dialated(multiplied) by 2, making the big triangle.
5. Your answer is C,2
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Problem 2: This is simple. We know 1 inch on the map is equal to 400 miles. Yet it takes only 200 miles to reach the set destinations on the map.
There is a more simple way, all you have to do is look at it to see the correct answer, but i'll give the explanation anyways
1. Make an equation. 1/400 to X/200
2. Work it out. You know that in order to get 200, you divided 400 by 2. Now, you need to divide 1 by 2, which gives you One half.
3. Apply. The answer is C, 1/2 inch