1. The word that best defines unalienable is B. unable to be taken away.
You may recall from the Declaration of Independence, where Thomas Jefferson says that "all men... are endowed... with certain unalienable Rights."
2. Sha'rom most likely comes from A. ancient Babylon, where gods were the law. Romans had their own laws which they made, modern America is a silly option as well as Napoleonic France, given that those two are modern, contemporary almost.