Final answer:
The Scientific Revolution established vital intellectual foundations, including the scientific method by Francis Bacon and contributions from Muslim scholars, culminating in Newton's synthesis of scientific principles and his laws of gravity and motion which fueled the Enlightenment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Scientific Revolution was a pivotal period in history marked by significant intellectual developments and the foundation of modern scientific thought. Key innovations and principles developed during this time, such as the scientific method introduced by Francis Bacon and the advancements in mathematics, medicine, and astronomy from the Muslim world, were crucial. Sir Isaac Newton, with his work Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, played a central role in synthesizing many of the ideas from predecessors like Copernicus and put forward a comprehensive framework for understanding the physical world, including the laws of gravity and motion, which steered the course of the Enlightenment and modernization.