Final answer:
Sam's physiological responses to the name Jeremy, such as sweating palms and a racing heart, are examples of a conditioned emotional response, where he has learned to associate the name with the past trauma of being bullied.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sam's behavior is an example of a conditioned emotional response. This occurs when a person has learned to associate a specific stimulus, in this case the name Jeremy, with an emotional response from past experiences, such as the stress and fear of being bullied. The sweating palms and racing heart are physiological responses that have become conditioned to occur whenever Sam hears this particular name, despite no present threat.
To begin to address this conditioned response, Sam might consider seeking professional help, such as therapy, that can include cognitive-behavioral techniques or exposure therapy. These methods can help Sam to unlearn the association between the name and the negative feelings, eventually leading to a reduction in the automatic stress response.