An attitude of both liberalism and nationalism.
In Europe in 1830 and 1848 there were a number of revolution movements, trying to replace old conservative governments. The revolutions often had a liberal flavor -- wanting "liberty" and political rights, vesting power in parliaments rather than just in kings and aristocracies. There also were nationalist feelings that spurred some of the revolutionary movements. In places like the Italian peninsula and German territories, that meant creating a united Italy or Germany.