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Operation Barbarossa, undertaken on June 22, 1941, was the code name given by Adolf Hitler to the invasion plan of the Soviet Union by the Axis Forces during World War II. This operation opened the Eastern Front, which became the theater of one of the largest operations of the war, scene of the biggest and most brutal battles of the conflict in Europe. The name of the operation was a tribute to Frederick I Barbarossa, whose name is linked to the German nationalism of the 19th century.