is any communication that doesn't involve words. Nonverbal communication and messages almost always accompany verbal communication and may either support and reinforce the verbal message or contradict it. Researchers have estimated that as much as 93 percent of any message is transmitted nonverbally, with 55 percent coming from body language and facial expressions (kinesics) and 38 percent coming from tone and pitch of voice (paralanguage). Since many nonverbal cues are unintentional, receivers often consider nonverbal communication to be a more accurate representation of what senders are really thinking and feeling. Since nonverbal communication is so informative, especially when it contradicts verbal communication, managers need to learn how to monitor and control their nonverbal behavior.