Question

At which stage of kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning are the standards the child uses to judge right and wrong based on external superior sources of authority and determined by the outcome or consequences? preconventional

Answer 1

Within level I: Preconventional morale, in Stage 2: the purpose and exchange.

During this stage a new standard of judgment emerges: Justice.

In this sense, it is thought that if someone has a reason to make an action, the individual must be judged on the basis of that reason and not by the arbitrary will that the figure of authority possesses.

Moreover, the individuals who belong to the second stage no longer believe that punishment arises immediately after the bad action, but that doing something bad implies doing something bad to someone, and this supposes a punishment that responds to the crime.

Answer 2

I believe the answer is: Punishment and Obedience Orientation

During the Punishment and Obedience Orientation stage, children still haven't be able to develop their own personal principles.
So, their sense of right or wrong would be primary influenced by their primary caretakers and other adults in their social setting.