Answer:
1. Backstory
2. Poe's technique
Step-by-step explanation:
1. The usual way how authors create and present their theme in literature is by the use of backstory. By using this technique, author creates a story that at a certain point of the work reveals the past or the future of a story. Thus, it clearly shows the theme of its work. In this way, by having a past or a present imagery that author laid out for you, you can see the author's opinion about many cultural aspects.
Example: Lord Of The Rings
2. Edgar Allan Poe thinks that every work should start with denoument and than work its way back to the causes, effects etc.
By doing this, Poe's stories provide you with the theme of the work at the very beginning and after that the story around that theme is being slowly revealed to you as a reader.
Example: The Fall Of House of Usher