Final answer:
The tone of Dunya Mikhail's poem “The War Works Hard” is achieved through the juxtaposition of positive actions with negative images, a technique that highlights the destruction of war rather than its heroic aspects, much like historical war art and poetry.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the poem “The War Works Hard” by Dunya Mikhail, the tone is achieved through a juxtaposition of positive actions with negative images. This method is reflective of the irony in which the various functions and consequences of war are depicted in the seemingly industrious nature of it. Mikhail's technique involves presenting the diligent work of war alongside the devastation it causes, much in the way visual art and poetry have historically sought to portray the harsh realities of conflict. For example, as Käthe Kollwitz's art displayed the misery of war or the works of Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon eschewed celebrating heroic charges in favor of highlighting inhumanity and suffering, Mikhail similarly uses this contrast to achieve her poem's tone. This rhetorical strategy becomes apparent as Mikhail lists the duties and achievements of war in a manner that underlines its destruction, rather than its glory.