The Cold War caused several different effects on Western and Eastern Europe. Here is a list of just a few:
1) Development of alliances- The Cold War organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact resulted in the development of alliances. In this case, most Western European countries were part of NATO and most Eastern European countries were part of the Warsaw Pact.
2) Development of different economic systems- Countries of Eastern Europe that were part of the Warsaw Pact used a communist system during the Cold War. Several of these countries were negatively effected by this system, and later demanded independence from the Soviet Union. Countries of Western Europe usually had a capitalist system set up.