In trial one we use 0.50g of aluminium and in trial 2 we use 0.25g while keeping the other factors constant it means that you are changing the mass of reactant to see how it affects your reaction. In this reaction the mass of aluminium is variable that you are changing to see it affects on your reaction.
Or may be in second reaction you need less products so you reduce the amount of reactant.
Changing the amount of reactants affects the amount of products produced in a chemical reaction. In a chemical reaction, only the atoms present in the reactants can end up in the products.