The North (New England states over to the Mississippi River)--started to industrialize. Major cities grew with increasing immigration and factory systems growing. The area politically supported banking and industry.
The South--characterized by cash-crop farming using slavery and plantation systems. A small percentage of the population ran the government while the rest of the whites were relatively poor owning no slaves but tied to the slave system. The largest population were enslaved by plantation owners.
The West--characterized by small family farms, ranching, and mining. These industries supported the North and the two regions became interconnected. Many of the people in the west were lower to middle class whites a lot of them immigrants.