After the fall of Rome, Western Europe went through issues related to law, the church, and royalty / leaders. Churches were in charge of everything, if someone wanted to occupy the land or decide something, they would go to the priest. There were also nobles, who were well above the law because of their status, the nobles (Lords and Ladies) would have large areas of land and farmers.
Farmers were paid less and worked for hours a day. In 1219, the last part of Christian cities fell under Muslim rule after the war for the Holy Land. Several centuries later, Henry II assumed the throne, when his brother died in the crusade, Richard took over.
Then Magna Carta came into play, and the king could do nothing. The churches were able to choose their bishops, the noble nobles had the right, and the king would not be asked to pay more tax. Magna Carta were everywhere before the law, and could not be different for every city / town.