Question

The terrible housing conditions prompted Richard to become politically involved. By the end of the year, he ____ to organize a grassroots campaign in the neighborhood

Answer 1

had begun

Step-by-step explanation:

• The simple past tense and past participle forms of the verb begin and begin, respectively.
• Whenever we talk about the past perfect tense, we use the past participle form of the verb.
• So, correct answer is had begun