All of these questions require you to work with Pythagoras' Theorem: c^2 = a^2 + b^2, where c is the hypotenuse and a and b are two other side lengths
1. c^2 = 5^2 + 12^2
c^2 = 25 + 144
c^2 = 169
c = 13 in.
2. 60^2 = 51^2 + σ^2
3600 = 2601 + σ^2
σ^2 = 999
σ = 31.6 yd
3. 18^2 = b^2 + 8^2
324 = b^2 + 64
b^2 = 260
b = 16.1 m