Question

Explain how genetics and environment influence the similarities and differences within twins. be sure to give specific examples alluding back to the textbook (as well as any other sources of information, such as research).

Answer 1

Genetics and environment interact to determine the characteristics of twins, with identical twins having the same genetic makeup but potentially different expressions of those genes due to environmental factors. Epigenetics studies how identical genotypes can result in different phenotypes, and genetic environmental correlation explores how genes and environment influence each other bidirectionally.

Step-by-step explanation:

The interaction between genetics and environment plays a crucial role in determining the similarities and differences in twins. Identical twins, who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits, share the exact same genetic material. However, despite having the same genotype, their phenotype—observable characteristics—can differ vastly due to environmental factors. This is evident in instances where identical twins raised apart exhibit different temperaments, preferences, and abilities, which hints at the role of social environment in shaping an individual.

Epigenetics is the study of how the same genetic code can be expressed differently based on environmental influences. Remarkably, identical twins can lead very different lives, and in some cases, one may develop conditions such as a disease while the other remains healthy. This showcases the complexity of gene-environment interactions that contribute to the phenotype.

Moreover, the concept of genetic environmental correlation illustrates the bidirectional relationship between genes and the environment. A child inheriting certain genes may be exposed to an environment that supports the expression of those genetic traits. For instance, a child of an NBA player is likely to be exposed to basketball from an early age, potentially realizing any inherited athletic potential.

The ongoing nature vs. nurture debate highlights the intertwined effects of inherited traits and societal influences such as race, social class, gender, religion on human behavior, emphasizing the significance of examining both genetic and environmental factors through a sociological perspective.

Answer 2

genetics can explain the the similarities of twins because they came from the same genes and the same fertilized egg; however, the environment can play a role in the differences. Differences in terms of physical attributes especially attitudes. Differences in physical attributes because one can be indulge with beauty products while the other will like himself or herself to be plain and natural. In terms of attitudes, each of them might have different interests and these interests lead them to different kinds of friends and exposures that influence their characters or personalities and thereby lead them to nurture different attitudes.