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What part of the amphioxus gives it a stiff shape and is the precursor to the backbone?

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The correct answer is notochord.

In Amphioxus notochord is a cylindrical flexible rod made of material similar to cartilage. It is extending from anterior end to posterior end of the Amphioxus body and it is formed of vacuolated cells which are filled with fluid. These turgid cells will give strength to the notochord so, it acts like a skeleton of amphioxus.
User Dhiraka
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