hey!!
here is your answer >>>
Our Earth is divided into different latitudes!. These latitudes are divided based on amount of sunlight receiving!. Our Earth is spherical in shape!(basically it's curved) . At the Polar zone , the sunlight touches and Earth surface and then spreads away and it is a semi circle there. So it is the coldest zone!. In temperate zone the sun rays spreads lightly, making it temperate climate, but the tropical zone, the sunlight hits the surface like a focus, making this done the hottest!. So scientist can therefore use the evidence if the latitudes control to get to know about the climate of the area!.
Hope my answer helps;