Answer: d. all of the above
Species living in narrow temperature tolerance range are those species which undergoes very little or no adaptations with respect to the varying temperature conditions. Adaptation is the only factor which can either limit or extend the tolerance level with respect to the wide temperature range. Therefore, species undergoing few or unfavorable adaptations in the narrow temperature tolerance range will result in species population to extinct, decrease in population and species can also change their migratory patterns.